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Audio Mixer

The Studio mixer has a strip for every input with sound, as many Groups and Returns as you add, a headphones mix and a Master. Learn the strip controls, the sends, the faders and meters, and how to choose what the room and NDI hear.

The Audio Mixer panel mixes the sound of your inputs into the Program mix. Each input that carries sound gets a strip. Strips are sent to Master (the Program mix), to any Group (a bus you assign strips to), to any Return (a bus fed by a send level per strip) and to the Headphones mix. The room and the NDI output each listen to the bus you choose. You add, rename, reorder and remove buses yourself, with no fixed limit; a new show starts with Bus A and Bus B, two Groups.

The mixer runs in 32-bit floating point. Every strip, bus and plugin works in float, so nothing clips inside the mix however hot the sends: the internal headroom is effectively unlimited, and the level is capped only on the way out, by the bus limiters and the outputs.

Which outputs hear which bus is one setting per output, so the room can hear Master while the NDI output hears a Group, for example. Only Master, the headphones mix and Groups can be chosen: a Return has no such choice, because it always runs into Master. Solid arrows are the Program mix. Dotted arrows are sends and choices you make.

Buses and bus sends, choosing a bus for the room or an NDI output, the per-strip audio processing, the bus limiters, plugins and a camera's video delay come with every Studio plan, from Studio HD up. See Plans and limits.
The Audio Mixer panel on macOS in Full view: the Microphone and walkin-loop strips under INPUTS, then the Bus A, Phones and Master strips under OUTPUTS, with the add, Peak and stack keys between them and a loudness reading on Master
The Audio Mixer on macOS.

What gets a strip

  • Any input with sound: a camera with a microphone, a screen with system sound, media and lists, NDI sources with audio, audio inputs, and people on a video call.
  • A fixed Microphone strip for the host microphone.
  • Each strip takes its name from the input. Until an input with sound exists the inputs area says "Channels appear with inputs that carry audio".

An input can borrow sound from somewhere else. In the input settings, the Audio setting (macOS) or the Audio follows menu (Windows) chooses Its own, None, or another strip. On Windows the list names every other mixer channel.

The sound of an input follows its picture only if you want it to: set AFV (audio follows video) on the strip, and it goes to air only while that input is on Program.

Layout of the panel

Input strips scroll sideways on the left, under the vertical label INPUTS. A strip that does not fully fit is shown cut at the edge of the section, never hidden, and you scroll the row to bring it in. The outputs are pinned on the right, under OUTPUTS: your buses, then Phones and Master. The + key in the header adds a bus (see Add, rename and remove buses).

  • Strips (Narrow or Full) in the header switches all strips at once. Double-click a strip's name plate to switch one strip.
  • Drag a blank part of a strip to move it, even across the divider between inputs and outputs. A line shows where it will land. Dropping on free space in the inputs area sends it to the end.
  • Right-click a strip: Full Strip or Narrow Strip, Move Left, Move Right, Pin to the Right or Move to the Scrolling Strips, All Strips Narrow, All Strips Full.
  • The same menu of an input strip opens with Copy Settings and Paste Settings. See Copy and paste strip settings.
  • Drag the divider between INPUTS and OUTPUTS to give the buses more or less room. It moves one whole strip at a time, so neither side ever shows half a strip, and Phones and Master stay pinned at the right. The outputs take at most 70 per cent of the mixer and always leave room for one whole input strip. With VoiceOver, increment and decrement move it one strip.
  • Order, widths and the divider are saved with your layout.
  • Show or hide the whole panel with Studio > Audio Mixer (Option+Command+M) or the mixer key in the bottom bar. Basic mode hides the mixer without closing it.
The Audio Mixer on Windows: four input strips, the Room Reverb return, Bus A, Bus B, Stream Mix, Phones and Master with limiters and a loudness meter, and the Duck, Clear solo, Snapshots, Bus and Return controls
The Audio Mixer on Windows, right of the inputs.

An input strip

From top to bottom:

ControlWhat it does
Pan knobPan left and right. Double-click to centre. Hidden in narrow strips
SSolo: listen to this strip. Amber when on
MMute. Red when on, and the strip dims
AFVAudio follows video: on air only while its input is on Program. Hidden in narrow strips
Headphones keySend this strip to the headphones mix. Hidden in narrow strips
AudioOpens the audio processing panel for this strip. Lit while the processing changes the sound. Hidden in narrow strips
Fader and meterLevel (see below)
M, then a key per Group, then a knob per ReturnSends. See Sends. Hidden in narrow strips, where one Sends key opens a menu instead
Name plateThe input's name over a stripe: red on Program, green on Preview, otherwise the category colour. Click it to open that input's settings

Narrow strips keep only S, M, the fader, the meter and the name.

Copy and paste strip settings

Right-click an input strip (on macOS also its Audio key) for Copy Settings and Paste Settings. Both open the same list: All; Level, Pan, Routing, Sends, Ducking; Processing; then each processing stage: Delay, High-pass, Equaliser, Gate, Compressor, Limiter.

Copy a part on one strip, then paste it on another. Paste takes the copied strip's settings as they are at that moment, and is one undo step. Paste Settings is dimmed for a part the copy does not hold, and on the copied strip itself. The copy is only a mark while the app runs, it is never saved with the show.

Audio processing

The Studio window on macOS with the audio processing panel for the Microphone open on the right: delay, high-pass, equaliser, noise suppression, gate, compressor, limiter and plugins, beside the switcher, the input tiles and the Screens strip
On macOS.
The Studio window on Windows with the audio processing panel for the Microphone on the right: delay, high-pass, a four band equaliser, noise suppression and gate
On Windows.

Each input strip can shape its sound before the fader. Open the panel with the strip's Audio key (macOS, a popover titled "Audio: name") or Audio processing... in the strip menu (Windows, a side card). On macOS the key is lit while the processing changes the sound. The panel lists Delay, High-pass, Equaliser, Noise suppression, Gate, Compressor and Limiter. The sound passes through them in this order: delay, high-pass, noise suppression, gate, equaliser, compressor, limiter, then the fader. Every section has a Reset button and, except Delay, an on switch.

SectionControls
Delay0 to 1000 ms, to line the sound up with a picture
High-passFrequency, 20 to 400 Hz
EqualiserFour bands, Low shelf, Low-mid, High-mid and High shelf, each with Frequency (20 Hz to 20 kHz), Gain (-18 to 18 dB) and Q (0.1 to 10)
Noise suppressionStrength, 0 to 100 per cent. "Adds 10 ms to this input"
GateThreshold and Range (-96 to 0 dB), Attack (0.1 to 500 ms), Hold (0 to 2000 ms) and Release (1 to 5000 ms)
CompressorThreshold (-60 to 0 dB), Ratio (1 to 32), Attack (0.1 to 500 ms), Release (1 to 5000 ms), Makeup (Make-up gain on Windows, -24 to 24 dB) and Knee (0 to 24 dB)
LimiterCeiling (-24 to 0 dB) and Release (1 to 1000 ms), the same controls as the bus limiters

The processing is written for the real-time audio thread: it never allocates memory and never waits on a lock, so it does not glitch when the computer is busy.

Plugins

Input strips take third-party plugins as inserts: VST3 on macOS and Windows, and Audio Units (AU) on macOS. The inserts run in order after the strip's audio processing and before its fader and sends, so the fader, the sends and the meters hear the plugins.

The rack is at the bottom of the strip's audio processing panel: the Plugins section of the Audio popover on macOS, the Plugins row of the Audio processing... card on Windows.

  • Add (tooltip "Add a plugin") lists the plugins found on the computer as "name (vendor)". On macOS the list has a VST3 and an AU section. On Windows it lists VST3 plugins. With none installed it says "No plugins found".
  • Rescan (tooltip "Scan for plugins") reads the list again. Studio also rescans by itself when a plugin is installed or removed. The scan reads each plugin's description without loading its code, so a broken plugin cannot stop it.
  • Each insert is a row with its name and Move up, Move down, Open (the plugin's own editor, in its own window named after the plugin), Remove and a Bypass switch ("Bypass ", then " is bypassed"). Duplicate copies an insert with its settings, right after the original: right-click the row on macOS, or use the Duplicate key on Windows.
  • A strip without plugins shows "No plugins on this input".

Every plugin's settings are saved with the show. A plugin that is not installed on this computer keeps its row, dimmed, with its editor unavailable: its saved settings stay in the show for a computer that has it, and you can still remove it.

Plugins run inside Studio, so a plugin that crashes closes Studio with it. Audio Units v3 plugins run in their own process. Try every plugin at rehearsal before it goes on a show.

Ducking

Ducking lowers chosen strips while someone speaks, for example music under an airing mic or a caller.

  • Duck under speech on a strip ("Duck under speech: on. Lowers under an airing mic or caller") makes that strip duck. On Windows the key reads Duck <name> under speech.
  • Duck key on a strip ("Duck key: this channel's sound ducks the others") makes its sound duck the others. A lamp on a ducking strip lights while it is lowered.
  • Duck depth in the panel header sets how far the ducked strips go down: -30 to -3 dB, -15 dB to start with.
  • Solo safe ("Solo safe: stays in the Headphones when another channel is soloed") keeps a strip in the Headphones when you solo another one.

Bus limiters

The Audio Mixer on macOS with the Limiter: Master panel open over the output strips, showing the ceiling and release, next to the Microphone, walkin-loop and bed-ambient input strips
On macOS.

Master and every bus, Group or Return, each have a limiter that stops the level going above a ceiling. On macOS use the Limiter key on the strip (full strips only). On Windows choose Limiter... in the strip menu. The panel has an on switch, Ceiling (-24 to 0 dB) and Release (1 to 1000 ms). The returns of video call guests (mix-minus) on a bus never go above that bus's ceiling, and a guest's Return limiter row in their settings opens the same panel.

Faders and meters

  • Faders run from silence up to +6 dB. Unity (0 dB) sits three-quarters of the way up. The scale marks are +6, 0, -6, -12, -24 and -48. The readout under the fader shows "-∞", "0.0" or a value such as "+3.0".
  • Drag relative to where you grab, so the cap does not jump. Click in the slot to jump there. Double-click to return to 0 dB.
  • Knobs (pan, headphones) drag vertically; hold Option for fine control; double-click resets.
  • The meter reads dBFS from -60 to 0. Green runs to -18, amber to -6, red above. A thin line holds the peak for 1.5 seconds. A clip light stays on for about 2 seconds after a peak at full scale. Click a meter to clear the light and held peaks.

Groups and Returns

A bus is a place strips send sound to before it reaches the room. There are two kinds.

FeatureGroupReturn
What feeds itStrips you assign with a key. Each assigned strip goes in at full levelStrips you send with a knob. Each strip has its own send level
Where it goesNowhere by itself. Its Feed key puts it into Master. You can also choose it for the room, an NDI output, a router output or a guest's returnAlways into Master
Offered as an output choice
対応by its name
非対応
Use it forSub-mixes, for example Music, or a separate mix for NDIEffects and shared sends, the way a return works on a mixing desk

Both kinds have a fader, a mute, a meter and a limiter. The names appear everywhere a bus is chosen, so a Group called Music is listed by that name in the room picker, the NDI audio picker, the router and a guest's Return audio. Master, the headphones mix and Silence are listed too.

The Audio Mixer on macOS: the Microphone, walkin-loop and bed-ambient input strips with their sends, and the Bus A, Bus B, Stream Mix, Stage Foldback, Room Reverb, Phones and Master output strips with limiters and loudness meters
The Audio Mixer on macOS with a Group, a Return, and a Group made with Duplicate (Stage copy).

Add, rename and remove buses

  • The + key in the mixer header (tooltip "Add a bus or a return") opens a menu: Add Bus (a Group) and Add Return. A new bus is named with the first free letter, for example Bus C or Return A.
  • Rename: double-click the bus's name plate and type, or right-click and choose Rename. Press Return to keep the name or Esc to cancel.
  • Reorder: drag a blank part of the strip, or right-click and choose Move Left or Move Right. The menu also moves the bus in the show's bus order, which is the order External Control sees.
  • Duplicate: right-click and choose Duplicate. The copy sits right after the original and is named " copy" (" copy 2", " copy 3" while that name is taken). It takes the original's kind, fader, mute, Feed setting, audio processing and limiter, and every send into the original: each strip that sends to it, and the caller template, sends to the copy at the same level and pre or post setting. Whatever listens to the original, such as the room, an NDI output, a router output or a guest's return, keeps listening to the original.
  • Delete: right-click and choose Delete. It is the last item in the menu.
  • Every one of these is one step in Edit > Undo.

Bus A and Bus B are ordinary Groups. You can rename, move and delete them like any other bus. Shows saved before buses could be added open with Bus A and Bus B as they were.

What deleting a bus does

Its strip goes, and so does every send to it. Anything that listened to it, the room, an NDI output, a router output or a guest's return, carries Master instead, and Cliqer says Bus Removed: "Outputs that used now carry Master." One undo brings the bus, its sends and the outputs back.

Sends

The input strips of the Audio Mixer on Windows for Microphone, Display audio, walkin-loop and bed-ambient, each with its fader, meters and the M, A, B, SM, SF and Room Reverb sends
The Windows mixer: + Bus and + Return in the header, Group keys and a Return send knob on each input strip.

An input strip sends to Master, to Groups and to Returns.

  • M (tooltip "To Master") sends the strip to Master.
  • Each Group has a key on the strip, lit while the strip is assigned to it. The key shows a short form of the name ("A" for Bus A, otherwise the first two letters or two initials); the tooltip reads "Send to ". Click to assign or remove.
  • Each Return has a small knob with the bus name under it and its level beside it ("off", or a value such as "-6.0"). Drag to set the send level; dragging it to 0 removes the send. Option-click the knob switches the send between after the fader (the default) and before it; a send before the fader is tinted amber.
  • A narrow strip has one Sends key (tooltip "Sends of "). Its menu has a check item for each Group, and a submenu for each Return with Off, -12 dB, -6 dB, 0 dB, +6 dB and Before the fader.
  • The sends area of a strip scrolls when there are more buses than fit.

Each strip sends to a bus once: setting a bus again changes its level. Sends are part of the show, with the strips' other settings.

Phones and Master

  • A Group strip has a mute M (tooltip "Mute "), a routing key (tooltip "Send to the room") with the choice Send to Room, a Feed key (tooltip " feeds Master: on" or "off"), a Limiter key (hidden in narrow strips) and a fader. A Return strip has the mute, the limiter and the fader. Checked on the routing key means the room currently hears this bus.
  • Phones has a round knob from 0 to 400 per cent, 100 per cent by default (double-click to reset), a meter and a headphones icon. It sets the level of the headphones mix.
  • Master has a fader, a meter, a Limiter key (hidden in narrow strips) and two buttons:
    • AFL or PFL (tooltip "Solo listens after the fader (AFL) or before it (PFL)"). Click to toggle.
    • A settings menu (tooltip "Mixer settings: microphone mode, what the room hears"). It starts with a line that says which microphone mode is in use, for example "Standard mic mode" or "Voice Isolation active". Then Microphone Mode... opens the system microphone mode picker (it is there only when the system has a picker), and Room Hears offers Master, Headphones Mix, every Group by name and Silence.
  • The Room key in the bottom bar opens the same Room Hears choice from its cog or right-click. An NDI output chooses its sound in the Audio setting of its row in the Outputs window (Off, Follows the source, Master, Headphones mix, or a Group by name).

Master and every bus run at up to +6 dB. On Windows Master and Phones have no mute button: use the fader.

Guest strips and timeline strips

  • Guest strips. The strip of a guest on a video call remembers how you set it. The strip you changed last becomes the template, and the next guest's strip starts from it. A solo-only change does not count. The template is saved with the show and an undo restores it.
  • Timeline strips. A clip track in the timeline editor has its own strip. Its M is the track's own mute: it turns that track's sound off in the timeline and is not a second mute in the mixer.
  • The whole mixer is saved with the show: the buses, every strip's sends and settings, the Master fader and limiter and what the room hears.

Microphone and speakers

The microphone and speakers that the mixer opens are chosen in Settings > Audio (Microphone and Speakers, with "System default"). See Settings.

Audio devices and the Router

Your audio devices, the Router patch bay, network audio (AES67 and Link Audio) and ASIO on Windows are on Audio routing. Open the Router from the Master strip menu: choose Router....

Ableton Link shares tempo, beat and start and stop with other Link apps on the network. Open Settings > Show > Link (the tab is titled Ableton Link). In Layers, pick Link as the tempo source to follow it: see Tempo and the beat.

SettingWhat it does
Ableton LinkTurns Link on. The detail line shows how many peers are connected, for example "Link: 1 peer" or "Link: 3 peers".
Start/Stop SyncStarts and stops with the other Link peers.
Peer NameThe name that Link peers see for Studio.
Link AudioSends and receives audio with Link peers.
Peer ChannelsThe channels that peers offer, with the name of each peer. The list shows only when peers offer channels.

In the tempo settings, Link is one of the tempo sources, beside Internal and MIDI clock. Force Beat makes every Link peer jump to this beat now. While Link peers hold the beat, nudge has no effect.

Link Audio channels become endpoints in the Router, with Link Audio as the engine. Ableton Link needs the Ableton Link feature in your plan. See Plans and limits.

The mixer and Ableton Link use the same rows and wording on both platforms.

Video calls

Each guest on a video call is an input with its own strip. What a guest hears back is set in that guest's input settings (Return audio): Master, Headphones or any Group by name (Bus A and Bus B to start with). Whichever you choose, the guest hears that bus without their own voice, so there is no echo. Returns are not offered. Choosing a Group needs the bus feature in your plan.

Keyboard

  • M turns audio on or off for the selected input (both platforms).
  • The keys and faders of a strip can be bound to keys, MIDI or OSC from their right-click External Control submenu, see Assign from a control.