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Inputs

Every kind of input Studio can take, how to add one, what an input tile shows and which settings each input has.

An input is anything Studio can put on Preview or Program. Inputs live in the Inputs panel as tiles. Each one gets a number (used by the keyboard), a name, a live picture and, if it carries sound, a strip in the Audio mixer.

The Studio window on macOS during the show: Panel Wide with the speaker lower third on Preview, the Keynote slide card on Program, the switcher, the Library, the input tiles, the Audio Mixer and the Screens strip for Side Left, LED Wall and Side Right
The Studio window on macOS.

Input kinds

KindmacOSWindows
Screen (a whole display)
ΝαιScreen
Ναιlisted as Display
Camera
ΝαιCamera
ΝαιCamera
NDI source
ΝαιNDI Source
ΝαιNDI
Person on a video call
ΝαιVideo Call
ΝαιVideo call: invite a presenter
Audio device (microphone or interface)
ΝαιAudio Input
ΝαιAudio: name in Add Input
Media file (video or audio)
ΝαιMedia File...
ΝαιVideo, audio or image file...
Media list (a playlist of files)
ΝαιList
ΝαιList
Image
ΝαιImage...
ΝαιImage...
Colour
ΝαιColour
ΝαιColour
Generator (an animated background, or your own ISF shader)
ΝαιAdd Generator
ΝαιGenerator in Add Input
Scene (layers of other inputs)
ΝαιScene
ΝαιNew scene and New scene template
Single window capture
ΌχιNot available as a Studio input.
ΌχιNot available as a Studio input.
Network stream (SRT, RTMP, RTSP, HLS)
ΝαιNetwork Stream...
ΝαιNetwork stream...
Syphon or Spout sender (another app's picture)
ΝαιSyphon...
ΝαιSpout...
Blackmagic capture card
ΝαιBlackmagic... (needs Blackmagic Desktop Video)
ΝαιBlackmagic... (needs Blackmagic Desktop Video)
Web page
ΝαιWeb Page...
ΝαιWeb page...
Title graphics (lower third, timer, clock)
ΝαιTitle...
ΝαιTitle...
Timer (a countdown title that runs its own clock)
ΝαιTimer
ΝαιTimer
Timeline (clips laid out in time on tracks)
ΝαιTimeline (Studio 4K and above)
ΝαιTimeline (Studio 4K and above)
Teleprompter (a script that scrolls on Program)
ΝαιTeleprompter (Studio titles)
ΝαιTeleprompter (Studio titles)
Mix (a Screen shown as an input)
ΝαιMix (Studio HD, Studio 4K, Studio 8K and Enterprise)
ΝαιMix (Studio HD, Studio 4K, Studio 8K and Enterprise)
Canvas (an output canvas shown as an input)
ΝαιCanvas (Studio HD, Studio 4K, Studio 8K and Enterprise)
ΝαιCanvas (Studio HD, Studio 4K, Studio 8K and Enterprise)
Captions (the live caption lines in a frame of their own)
ΝαιCaptions (live captions plan feature)
ΝαιCaptions (live captions plan feature)
A camera's own microphone appears in the mixer by itself, so you do not add it again as an audio input.

Add an input

Use Add Input (plus icon) in the bottom bar, or the Add Input button in the empty Inputs panel. The empty panel says: "Add a screen, camera, NDI source, caller or media file, or drop a file here."

EntryWhat it does
ScreenA submenu with one item per connected display, by name. The list follows screens being plugged in or unplugged while Studio runs, so a new monitor or virtual display shows without a relaunch. Adds a Screen input and starts capturing that display. macOS must have allowed Screen Recording, otherwise Studio shows the alert Screen Recording Is Off with an Open System Settings button
CameraOne item per camera, or "No cameras found". If Cliqer has no camera access yet the submenu shows Allow Camera Access..., or Open Camera Privacy Settings... if you refused before
NDI SourceOne item per NDI source on the network, or "No NDI sources found", and a link About NDI® (ndi.video)
Video CallSection Invite a Presenter (everyone in the room, by name) or "No presenters in the room", and Copy Room Link so a guest can join from the link. See Video calls
Audio InputMicrophones and interfaces with input channels, or "No audio inputs found". Adds an audio-only input with its own mixer strip
Network Stream...A sheet to receive an SRT, RTMP, RTSP or HLS stream. See Network streams
Syphon...A sheet that lists the Syphon servers running on this Mac. See Syphon and Spout
Blackmagic...A sheet for a Blackmagic capture card. Hidden in builds without card support. See Blackmagic cards
Media File...Pick one or more movies, audio files or images. Each becomes its own input, named after the file
Image...Pick one or more images
ListAn empty media list called "List". Add files in its settings
ColourA colour input called "Colour". It starts as solid Cliqer green and its editor opens at once. See Colour inputs
Add GeneratorA submenu of built-in animated backgrounds, then Open ISF File... for your own shader. See Generators
Web Page...A sheet to show a web page as an input. See Web pages
Title...The Add Title sheet: a lower third, a timer or a clock. It opens the Title Designer once added. See Titles
TimerA Timer title added at once, with no sheet: big digits that fill the frame and count down from 5:00 on their own clock. It opens the Title Designer once added. Needs titles in your plan, like Title.... See Timer titles
SceneAn empty scene called "Scene". See Scenes and looks
TimelineAn empty timeline called "Timeline 1" (then "Timeline 2" and so on). Studio 4K and above; other plans see a padlock on the entry. See Timeline and the Timeline editor
TeleprompterA scrolling script called "Teleprompter". Needs Studio titles. See Teleprompter
MixA submenu with one item per Screen that is not a Mix yet, or "No screens to mix". Adds that Screen as an input. Studio HD, Studio 4K, Studio 8K and Enterprise plans. See Mix
CanvasA submenu with one item per output canvas that has no Canvas input yet, or "No canvases". Adds that canvas as an input, so you can put the whole canvas on Preview or Program. Studio HD, Studio 4K, Studio 8K and Enterprise plans. See Output canvases
CaptionsA captions input added at once, with no sheet. Its look opens in the input inspector. The entry shows a padlock when your plan lacks live captions. See Captions inputs

When Cliqer cannot use NDI (the NDI runtime is not installed, the build has no NDI, or it is Windows on Arm), the NDI controls are switched off and the reason shows beside them or in their tooltip. On Windows the NDI entry is also left out of Add Input. See NDI.

Arrange and select tiles

Drag a tile to a new place in the grid. It lands in the gap nearest the pointer, and a green line shows where while the drop is accepted. Each move is one undo step.

ActionmacOSWindows
Select a tileClickClick
Add or remove a tileCommand-clickCtrl-click
Select a run of tilesShift-clickShift-click
Select with a boxDrag on empty grid spaceDrag on empty grid space
Clear the selectionEsc, or click empty spaceEsc, or click empty space
Cancel a dragEsc

Drag a selected tile and the whole selection moves with it, in list order, as one undo step.

Other drops on the grid:

  • Drop files from Finder or Explorer on the grid. Each becomes a media input named after the file. The grid reads Add as input while you drag.
  • Drop one input on the middle of a scene tile to add it as a layer. The tile reads Add as layer.
  • Drop tiles on a numbered category chip to file them in that category (File in category).
  • Right-click empty grid space for the Add Input menu.
Input tiles on a Mac with three tiles selected and one being dragged, the green insertion line between two tiles
Several tiles selected and dragged on macOS.
Input tiles on Windows with a tile being dragged and the green insertion line showing where it lands
Dragging a tile on Windows.

The tile

Header: a category colour stripe, the input number, a kind symbol, the name, and, while you hover over the tile or it is selected, an X button (tooltip "Close input") that removes the input at once with no confirmation. Caller tiles also show a link dot (green connected, amber connecting, red otherwise). A pause glyph ("Live pause is on") appears when the input is paused. The header turns red while the input is on Program and green on Preview, and the picture has the same tally ring.

Picture: a click puts the input on Preview. Double-click puts any other input on air (Program, no fade) and leaves Preview alone. Double-click a scene tile to open the Scene Editor instead, so a mis-click cannot cut it live. Inputs with sound show a small stereo level bar on the right edge. While you hover over the tile or it is selected, a Pop-up preview key at the top right of the picture opens a floating live picture of the input.

Footer, one row at every tile size:

KeyWhat it does
GORuns the action chosen in the input's GO does setting (see below)
CutSends this input straight to Program with no fade
SpeakerTurns the input's audio on or off. Disabled with the tooltip "This input has no audio"
1, 2, ...One key per overlay channel, in order, as many as the tile has room for (tooltip "Overlay 1 for <input name>"). Each key toggles this input on that channel with one click, lights red while it is on, and can be assigned to a control surface with a right click
OverlaysAfter the number keys, always there: a flyout with Overlay 1 to Overlay 8 (ticked when on), On Preview with Overlay 1 to Overlay 8 for each channel's Preview, then Take Off All. While the input is live on a channel whose key did not fit, the flyout lights and lists those numbers, for example 3, 7, 8. It shows the word Overlays when no number key fits, otherwise an icon
...Everything for this input (the same items as right-click)
CogOpens or closes the inspector for this input (tooltip "Input settings")

GO and Cut are left out on an audio input and on a caller still in the green room, which cannot go to Program.

Media tiles also have Play or Pause, a position bar you click or drag to seek, Restart, and on list inputs Previous item and Next item.

The input menu

Right-click a tile, or use its ... button. The Preview and Program monitors also open it for the input they show.

In order: Preview (and Assign Shortcut, MIDI or OSC...), Quick Play, Cut, Transition (1 to 5), Overlay (1 to 8, checked when on), Show on Display (one item per attached screen, checked while a Display output of this input runs on it), then by kind:

  • Scene: Edit Scene..., Add Layer, Duplicate Scene.
  • Image or Colour: Duplicate. A colour also has Colour... to open its editor.
  • Caller: Message....
  • Any live input: Make a Scene from This (a scene that shows the source full frame).
  • NDI input: Change Source to re-point it at another NDI source.

Then Picture (Fit or Fill), To Room, NDI Output, About NDI® (ndi.video), Loop (media only), Live Pause, Category (None, Category 1 to Category 6), Move Left, Move Right, then by kind Stream Settings... and Reconnect (network streams), Syphon Source... or Blackmagic Settings..., then Rename and Settings..., PTZ Controls... (cameras and NDI inputs) and Close.

Input settings

Open the Inspector (toolbar, the cog on a tile, or Rename and Settings...). It never blocks the Studio window.

Input n

SettingOptions
NameText. Saved on Return
KindRead only
CategoryNone, Category 1 to Category 6
GO doesQuick Play, Cut, Transition 1 to Transition 5, Overlay 1 to Overlay 8
PictureFit or Fill

Output

SettingWhat it does
To the roomSends this input to the room as its own picture
Own NDI outputA separate NDI source for this input
AudioIts own, None, or take the sound from another input
Audio onShown only when the input has sound
Live pauseHold the last frame
Include in ISO recordRecords this input to its own file in the MultiCorder

Overlays: Overlays keys 1 to 8 put the input on that channel, On Preview keys 1 to 8 on that channel's Preview, the same as the tile's keys and flyout.

Kind settings: a network stream shows its stream fields here with Apply and Reconnect; a colour a Colour section with its editor; an NDI input a Source section with Change Source; Syphon, Blackmagic and title inputs a Settings section with Syphon Source..., Blackmagic Settings... or the title's items.

Media and list inputs add a Playback section (Loop, Play when on Program, Pause when off Program, Restart when on Program, Speed 50, 100, 150 or 200 %, Length, and Marks with In, Out and Clear to play only part of a clip) and a Stinger section (see Transitions). List inputs add a List section: Play this item, Remove from the list, Add Files..., Previous, Next, Play next automatically, Start with the first item, Loop the list, Shuffle, Import M3U... and Export M3U....

Caller inputs add a Caller section: see Video calls.

Other sections: Effects (every input except a scene, see Effects), Video delay (cameras), Web page and Page size (web pages, see Web pages) and PTZ (cameras and NDI inputs, see PTZ cameras).

The last section has Duplicate Scene (scenes), Duplicate (images and colours) or Make a Scene from This (live inputs), Show on Display, then Remove Input.

Media files

Media inputs, list inputs and timeline clips play the movies your system plays, and these as well:

VideoFileSoundWhere
HAP: HAP, HAP Alpha, HAP Q, HAP Q Alpha, HAP Alpha-Only, HAP R and HAP HDR (HAP HDR colours brighter than standard range show at full white)QuickTime (.mov)PCM or AACmacOS and Windows
NotchLC, alpha includedQuickTime (.mov)PCM or AACmacOS and Windows
DNxHD and DNxHR (LB, SQ, HQ, HQX, 444)QuickTime (.mov)PCM or AACmacOS and Windows
H.264, HEVC, VP9 or AV1Matroska (.mkv) and WebM (.webm)AAC, Opus, FLAC, ALAC, MP3, MP2, AC-3 or E-AC-3Mac only
VP9MP4 and MOVMac only
  • On the graphics card. HAP, NotchLC, DNxHD and DNxHR pictures are decoded on the graphics card, so large clips stay smooth. Their sound plays in step with the picture. The first two sound channels play.
  • Pictures in the Library and on the timeline. These movies show their pictures and sound waves in the Library, when you scrub them with the pointer and on timeline clips, like any other movie.
  • Alpha. HAP Alpha, HAP Q Alpha, HAP R and NotchLC carry alpha. HAP Alpha-Only draws a white matte where its alpha is, so a key reads it like any clip with alpha. HAP, HAP Q and HAP HDR have none.
  • Not played. DXV, DNxHD or DNxHR with alpha, and DNxHD or DNxHR in an MXF file.
  • A track left out. In an MKV or WebM file, a track macOS has no decoder for (Vorbis or Theora, VP8, PCM, DTS, TrueHD) is left out and the rest plays. Studio says so once with Track Left Out: "“” plays without its track: macOS has no decoder for it. Convert that track to AAC sound or H.264 video."

When a file cannot play at all, Studio says why with Cannot Play Media, naming the file and what is missing:

MessageWhat to do
"“” is not there: it was moved or deleted. Relink it in the Library's Missing view."Relink it, see Missing files and Relink
"macOS has no decoder for the video or sound in “”. Convert it to H.264 in an MP4 file." (Windows: "Windows has no decoder ...")Convert the file
"macOS cannot open “”. Convert it to H.264 in an MP4 file." (Windows: "Windows cannot open ...")Convert the file
Windows: "“” is . Windows plays it once from the Microsoft Store is installed."Press Open Microsoft Store: it opens that extension's page in the Microsoft Store. Install it

On Windows the free Microsoft extensions are HEVC Video Extensions (HEVC), VP9 Video Extensions (VP9), AV1 Video Extension (AV1), MPEG-2 Video Extension (MPEG-2) and Web Media Extensions (Ogg, Theora and Vorbis).

Network streams

The Add Network Stream sheet on macOS over the Studio window, set up as an SRT caller with host, port, latency, stream ID and passphrase
On macOS.

A network stream input receives a picture from an encoder or camera over the network. Choose Network Stream... (macOS) or Network stream... (Windows). It opens Add Network Stream (macOS) or Add network stream (a side card on Windows) with a Name and a Protocol. Windows writes the protocol and field names in sentence case, for example RTMP (listen).

ProtocolFields
SRTMode: Caller (Cliqer calls a Host and Port) or Listener (Cliqer waits on a Port for the sender to call). Latency in milliseconds (20 to 8000, 120 to start; when the two ends differ the larger is used). Stream ID (caller only, optional). A Passphrase (optional)
RTMP (Listen)Port (1935 to start), App ("live" to start) and a Stream Key (optional). An encoder publishes to rtmp://this-computer:port/app/key
RTMP (Pull)The URL to pull from, for example rtmp://host/app/stream
RTSPThe URL, for example rtsp://host/path, and an optional User Name and Password
HLSThe URL of the stream's playlist, for example https://host/path/stream.m3u8. Plays live and recorded (VOD) HLS in TS or fMP4. If the playlist lists several sizes, Studio plays the best H.264 one. Encrypted streams are refused, and a separate audio playlist is not played. No key or password

A passphrase, stream key or password is kept in the system's secure store (the Keychain on macOS, the credential store on Windows) and is never shown again. A Forget button named for the secret removes it, for SRT Forget Passphrase on macOS and Forget passphrase on Windows. The status reads Off, Connecting..., Waiting for a sender, Live or Retrying with the reason. It shows in the sheet and as a badge on the tile (macOS). Open the settings again with Stream Settings... (Stream settings... on Windows) in the input menu, and use Reconnect to restart the connection.

Syphon and Spout

The Add Syphon Input sheet on macOS over the Studio window, with the Stage Graphics server picked, the input name and the transparency setting
On macOS.

Syphon (macOS) and Spout (Windows) share the picture of another app on the same computer. Choose Syphon... or Spout..., pick a running server or sender from the list, optionally rename it and choose Transparency: Premultiplied (suits most apps), Straight or Opaque (ignore alpha) for an app that leaves transparency undefined. On macOS the list updates as soon as an app starts or stops publishing. On Windows the senders are listed when the card opens. With none running the list says "No Syphon Servers" (macOS) or "No Spout senders." (Windows). Change the pick later with Syphon Source... (macOS) or Spout sender... (Windows) in the input menu.

Blackmagic cards

The Add Blackmagic Input sheet on macOS over the Studio window, with the device, name, detection mode, audio channels and audio pair settings
On macOS.

Blackmagic... adds a capture card input. Choose the Device, a Name, the Mode (Detect Automatically or a fixed mode), the number of Audio Channels and the Audio Pair that becomes the input's mixer strip. Cliqer reads the card through the Blackmagic Desktop Video driver: without it the sheet says "Blackmagic Desktop Video is not installed." The tile shows the signal mode, or "No signal". Change the settings later with Blackmagic Settings... (macOS) or Blackmagic settings... (Windows).

Web pages

The Add Web Page sheet on macOS over the Studio window, with the page URL, size, frame rate, transparent background and custom CSS settings
On macOS.

A web page input draws a web page as a picture, for graphics such as a scoreboard.

Web Page... opens Add Web Page: the URL, the page size (Width, Height and a Presets menu), the Frame rate, Transparent background and Custom CSS. Afterwards the input's inspector has a Web page section (URL with Go, Reload, Status, the page Title and any error) and a Page size section with the same size, frame rate, transparency and CSS settings (Apply and Reset to Default for the CSS).

A web input loads http, https, file or data URLs. The page size runs from 16 by 16 up to 3840 by 2160 pixels (to start, 1920 by 1080 at 30 frames per second, from 1 to 60). With Transparent background on, what the page leaves unpainted is keyed out so the picture can sit over others. The default custom CSS makes the page background transparent and hides scroll bars; the page still scrolls (use Interact with Page). An older stored default is upgraded when the show loads, so there is nothing to change. On a Retina display on macOS the page is still drawn at exactly the size you set, one pixel per output pixel: a 1920 by 1080 web page gives a 1920 by 1080 picture. Web page inputs need a plan that includes them.

Interact with a page

To click, scroll or type into a page while it is live (to press a button on a scoreboard, scroll a feed or fill in a field), right-click the web input's tile, the Preview monitor or the Program monitor where it shows and choose Interact with Page, or use the interact toggle on that monitor. The monitor gets an accent border and an Interacting badge; while it is on, clicks, drags and scrolls on the monitor go to the page under the pointer, and keys you type go to the page. Press Esc, choose Stop Interacting or use the toggle again to go back to ordinary clicks. A page on Program changes on air as you use it, so practise on Preview first. What you do on a page is not saved with the show and is not part of undo.

Colour inputs

The colour editor on macOS for the Stage Wash input: Solid, Linear, Radial and Bars, with a linear gradient from blue to navy, the angle at 135 degrees and Swap Colours
On macOS.

A colour input fills its picture with a colour, a gradient or test bars. Colour in Add Input makes one called "Colour", solid Cliqer green to start, and opens its editor at once. Open the editor again with Colour... in the input menu.

The editor has a Fill choice: Solid (Colour), Linear (From, To and an Angle of 0 to 360 degrees), Radial (Centre and Edge) or Bars (SMPTE colour bars at 75%). A swap button (Swap Colours on macOS, Swap colours on Windows) exchanges the two ends of a gradient. Each colour has a colour picker and eight swatches: Cliqer Green, Cliqer Mint, Cliqer Light Mint, Cliqer Dark, Cliqer Grey, Amber, White and Black. Every change applies at once, and the input keeps its place on Program while you edit.

Generators

A generator is an animated background that needs no media. Add one from Add Generator on macOS, or from Generator in Add Input on Windows. The submenu lists 22 built-in looks: Gradient, Plasma, Noise Bars, Tunnel, Bokeh, Aurora, Soft Waves, Light Rays, Particles, Grid Floor, Starfield, Gradient Mesh, Smoke, Stage Lights, Caustics, Liquid, Hex Grid, Dots Wave, Sunburst, Confetti, Neon and Fractal.

Every built-in generator has Speed, Audio React and Beat Pulse. Audio React makes the look follow the level of the sound, and Beat Pulse pulses it on the beat. Both follow the studio tempo and the audio, see Tempo and the beat and Audio-reactive looks.

To change the look later, use the Generator choice in the input's settings (the inspector on macOS, the input card on Windows). Pick another built-in look, or Open ISF File... to load your own ISF shader. Each input of an ISF shader gets its own control there. On macOS a number is a slider, a choice is a menu, on or off is a switch and a colour is a colour picker.

An image input of a shader takes None, another input, a screen or a canvas. A shader image input with nothing chosen, or whose source has gone, shows transparent black.

Generators need Studio generators in your plan.

Shader controls

Each input a shader declares in its header becomes a control:

ISF TYPEControl
floatA slider from MIN to MAX.
boolA switch.
longA menu of its VALUES, named by its LABELS.
colorA colour picker, with opacity.
point2DX and Y values.
eventFire: fires for one frame.
imageA source picker.

A control's name is the input's LABEL, else its NAME. Only the values you change are saved with the show; the rest come from the header's DEFAULT. Fire is never saved.

Write your own ISF shader

A generator reads a single pass ISF fragment shader: a JSON header in a comment at the top of the file, then GLSL. It is drawn at the Program raster every frame.

/*{
  "INPUTS": [
    { "NAME": "speed", "LABEL": "Speed", "TYPE": "float", "DEFAULT": 1.0, "MIN": 0.0, "MAX": 5.0 },
    { "NAME": "react", "LABEL": "Audio React", "TYPE": "float", "DEFAULT": 0.0 }
  ]
}*/
void main() {
    vec2 p = isf_FragNormCoord;
    vec3 c = 0.5 + 0.5 * cos(TIME * speed + p.xyx + vec3(0.0, 2.0, 4.0));
    gl_FragColor = vec4(c * (1.0 + react * isf_level), 1.0);
}
Header keyRule
HeaderMust open the file as /*{ ... }*/.
NAMERequired on every input. It is the name you read in GLSL.
TYPEfloat, bool, long, color, point2D, event or image. Any other type is refused.
LABELThe control's name. Defaults to NAME.
DEFAULTThe starting value. Defaults to 0.
MIN, MAXThe range. Defaults to 0 to 1. A long with VALUES and no MIN takes its range from VALUES.
PASSESOne pass only. A shader with more is refused.
IMPORTEDIgnored.

A file with a wrong header is refused with the reason, such as "no ISF header", "ISF header not closed", "ISF input without NAME" or "multi-pass ISF is not supported".

Every shader can read these without declaring them:

NameTypeValue
RENDERSIZEvec2The Program raster in pixels.
TIMEfloatSeconds since the shader started.
FRAMEINDEXintThe frame count.
isf_FragNormCoordvec2This pixel from 0 to 1, origin bottom left.
isf_bpmfloatThe studio tempo in BPM.
isf_beat, isf_barfloatWhere the clock is in the beat and in the bar, 0 to 1.
isf_low, isf_mid, isf_highfloatThe low, mid and high bands of the sound.
isf_levelfloatThe level of the sound.

gl_FragColor writes the output, texture2D( works as texture(, and a #version line is blanked so error line numbers still match your file.

An image input reads a live source on the same frame, with no copy. Read it with IMG_NORM_PIXEL, IMG_PIXEL, IMG_THIS_PIXEL, IMG_THIS_NORM_PIXEL and IMG_SIZE. Plain texture2D on an image input does not compile.

Effects

The Studio window on macOS with the Inspector open on the Effects of Cam 1 Wide: mirror, deinterlace, sharpen, auto framing, colour correction, LUT, chroma key and luma key, beside the switcher and the input tiles
On macOS.
The Studio window on Windows with the effects of Cam 2 Lectern open on the right: colour correction with lift, gamma and gain per colour, saturation, hue, temperature and tint, a LUT and a chroma key
On Windows.

Effects change the picture of one input. Mirror and Sharpen are free on every Studio plan. Keys, colour correction and LUTs are on Studio HD and above and the free trial. Deinterlace is on Studio 8K, Enterprise and the free trial. Without the plan their controls are greyed out and an effect can only be switched off. A deinterlace you turned on keeps running after a downgrade.

Open the Effects section of the inspector (every input except a scene).

EffectControls
Colour correctionLift, Gamma and Gain, each with Master, Red, Green and Blue, then Saturation, Hue (-180 to 180 degrees), Temperature and Tint
LUTChoose a .cube file and set the Intensity
Chroma keyKey colour (Green, Blue or any colour), Similarity, Smoothness and Spill
Luma keyThe minimum and maximum brightness to keep, each with its own smoothing
Show matteShows the keys as black and white instead of the picture: white is kept, black is keyed out

Each effect has its own on switch and a Reset button. A camera input also has a Video delay of 0 to 10 frames to line its picture up with its sound.

Picture

Three one-switch fixes and a sharpener, in a Picture group. They work on every Studio plan and are never greyed out.

ControlWhat it does
Mirror horizontalFlips the picture left to right, everywhere the input is shown: Program, Preview, every scene layer that uses it and Multiview
Mirror verticalFlips the picture top to bottom, the same way
DeinterlaceBlends the two fields of an interlaced picture to remove combing. Each line is averaged with the lines above and below it, at the cost of a little vertical softness. It needs no field order. Studio 8K and Enterprise plans: without them the switch is greyed out unless it is already on
SharpenIts own switch and Reset, with one slider: Amount, 0 to 1, starting at 0.5. At 1 it is a classic sharpen, at 0 it does nothing

Mirror horizontal, Mirror vertical, Deinterlace and Sharpen come first in the Effects section, above Colour correction. Each mirror and Deinterlace is a plain switch; Sharpen has its own switch and Reset.

A mirrored input is mirrored for crop, fill and clicks on the picture too, so what you see is what you edit.

Background

Camera, caller and NDI inputs can cut the person out of the picture and change what is behind them. It is on Studio 4K and above and the free trial: without them the controls are greyed out with a note, and the effect can only be switched off.

The Background section of the inspector has a Background effect switch and:

ControlWhat it does
ModeRemove, Blur or Replace
BlurHow strong the blur is (Blur mode only)
BackdropAnother input to show behind the person, or None (Replace mode only)
Edge softnessHow soft the edge of the cut-out is
QualityFast, Balanced or Accurate. Accurate follows hair and edges more closely and takes longer

PTZ cameras

The Studio window on macOS with the Inspector open on the PTZ controls of Cam 2 Lectern: protocol, address, the move pad with zoom and focus, image settings and presets
On macOS.
The Studio window on Windows with the PTZ camera panel
On Windows.

A camera input or an NDI input can drive a PTZ camera. Choose Set up PTZ... in the PTZ section of the inspector (macOS), or PTZ camera... in the input menu (Windows), then pick a Protocol and Bind. Apply changes the binding later and Unbind removes it.

ProtocolAddress
NDI (NDI inputs only)None: the input's own NDI receiver carries the commands
VISCA UDPHost or host:port, port 52381 if you give none
VISCA TCPHost or host:port, port 5678 if you give none

The link shows as Idle, Ready, No reply or Failed on macOS, and as Waiting for the camera, Connected, No reply from the camera or Failed on Windows. Once bound you get a pan and tilt pad (further from the middle is faster), Zoom and Focus keys that act while held, Home, Auto focus and a Speed (5 to 100%). Sixteen presets hold stored positions: pick a stored slot to recall it, pick an empty slot to store where the camera is now, name it, or remove it. On macOS Add Input on a stored preset adds a scene of the camera that recalls that preset on Preview. PTZ needs a plan that includes it.

Titles

A title is a graphic Studio draws for you: a lower third (a name and a role), a lower third read from a data file, a timer or a clock. It is an input, so it sits in the grid like any other. Titles need a plan that includes them.

The kinds are Lower Third, Lower Third from Data, Timer and Clock. The styles are Classic, Brand, Minimal, Glass and Accent. A Lower Third has Name and Role fields. A Lower Third from Data takes its words from a CSV or JSON file: choose the Data file, then pick the Name column and the Role column. Add stays off until a data lower third has a file and a name column.

Title... in Add Input opens Add Title with a Template and a Style picker, then the starting fields of the template, then Add. The sheet is for adding only. When you press Add, the Title Designer window opens on the new title, and that is where you edit it afterwards. Browse Templates... in the sheet opens the template gallery (see Templates and text styles).

Open the Title Designer on any title input in one of three ways:

  • Choose Edit Title... in the title's tile menu.
  • Double click the title's tile.
  • Press Add in Add Title (it opens by itself).

The window has three panes, with the animation strip under the canvas (see Animation and keys). Its toolbar has a Layers and an Inspector button that hide or show the side panes, Undo and Redo buttons that name the step they act on (for example "Undo Title"), the Text, Shape and Image buttons that add an element, a Templates button, the toggles Snap (on by default), Show Safe Areas and Rulers, and the zoom chip: Zoom Out, the zoom label (Fit or a percentage; click it for Zoom to Fit) and Zoom In. The menu bar has an Insert menu while a Designer is open, and the Edit and Layer menus carry Delete and Duplicate. A title edit is one step in Studio's undo history, and a whole drag is one step.

  • Layers (left): the elements of the title, front first. Each row has an eye button to hide the element and a lock button to lock it. Click a row to select that element. A locked element does not move when you drag it on the canvas. Under the list, a foot bar of three icon buttons: + (Add Layer) opens a menu to add a Text, Shape or Image element, Duplicate Layer copies the selection and Delete Layer deletes it.
  • Canvas (centre): the real render of the title, drawn by the same engine that draws it on air, with the selection drawn on top. Rulers adds a ruler on each edge in percent of the picture, and Show Safe Areas draws the safe areas. Zoom with the chip, Cmd -, Cmd 0 (zoom to fit) and Cmd =, or scroll or pinch. Hold Space and drag to pan.
  • Inspector (right): the settings of the selection, described below.
The Title Designer on macOS for the Keynote Lower Third: the role, name, bar and Lectern layers, the Maya Hart lower third over the lectern shot, the animation bar, and the text and data settings on the right
On macOS.

Edit on the canvas

  • Click an element to select it. Shift-click adds it to the selection or takes it out. Click empty canvas to clear the selection.
  • Drag on empty canvas to draw a selection box around several elements. Hold Shift to add them to the current selection.
  • With several elements selected, one box surrounds them. Drag inside it to move the set, or drag a handle to scale the set together (text size follows the height). There is no rotate handle for a set: the Rotation field in the Inspector turns the whole set as one piece.
  • Drag an element to move it. Drag a square handle to resize it. Drag the round handle to rotate it.
  • Shift locks a move to one axis, and turns a rotation in 15 degree steps. Control switches snapping off for that drag. With Snap on, an element snaps to the guides and shows them while you drag.
  • While you resize, Shift keeps the proportions and Option resizes from the centre. Hold both for both. Guides show on a resize too.
  • The arrow keys nudge the selection, and Shift with an arrow nudges it further.
  • Delete removes the selection. Right click an element for Duplicate, Delete and the four stacking commands (bring to front, bring forward, send backward, send to back). Every one is one undo step.
  • Right click a row in Layers gives the same menu.
The Title Designer on macOS with the name and role elements selected together, and the shared text, arrange and font settings for both
On macOS.

Inspector

  • Element (one element selected): the Name of the element, its Type, and its X, Y, Width and Height as percentages of the picture, Rotation in degrees, a Tilt pair that turns the element in depth around each axis, and Opacity. Type a number and press Return. With several elements selected the section says "n elements selected".
  • Elements (several selected): Rotate turns the whole selection as one piece and says Mixed when the angles differ. A whole group turns as one piece too.
  • Text: one field for each piece of text in the title.
  • The text look sections show for a text element. With several text elements selected they show the first one's values and every change goes to all of them:
    • Font: the font family (press the family field for the font picker), Weight (Thin to Black), Width (Ultra Condensed to Ultra Expanded), Italic, Size (4 to 2048, so the slider follows text that a box resize has scaled up), Case (As typed, Upper, Lower, Title, Small caps), Tracking, Leading, Underline, Strike, Align (Left, Centre, Right), Vertical (Top, Middle, Bottom) and Fit (Shrink, Wrap, Wrap and shrink, Overflow).
    • Fill: Solid, Linear or Radial. A solid fill has a Colour. A gradient has colour Stop rows, each with a position, Add Stop (up to 8) and a remove button (down to 2), and a linear gradient has an Angle.
    • Strokes: Add Stroke (up to 4). Each stroke has a colour, Width and Position (Outside, Centre, Inside).
    • Shadows: Add Shadow (up to 2). Each shadow has a colour, Offset X, Offset Y, Blur and Spread.
    • Glow: the Glow switch, then Colour, Radius and Strength.
    • Text Box: Box behind text, then the Box fill (the same Solid, Linear, Radial choice), Padding, Radius and Each line.
    • Text Styles: save the look of the selected text, apply a saved look to the selected texts, or delete one (see Templates and text styles).
  • Look keys: the Fill, Strokes and Shadows headers (and Shape fill and Shape outline on a shape) each carry a key diamond with previous and next arrows. One look key holds the whole look of the element, so one diamond serves all its sections. With a whole group selected, the Group section has a pose diamond and a Look diamond, so one key moves or restyles every member.
  • Build In and Scroll (a text element selected): see Animation and keys.
  • Shape and Image (a shape or an image selected), and Arrange (any selection): see Shapes, images and arrange.
  • Data file: File (the name, or "None"), Choose..., and Remove once a file is set; each piece of text then has a picker: Own text or one of the file's columns. Row has a Row picker ("Row 1 of 12"), Previous Row and Next Row step through the file, and the title shows that row. An empty file says "The file has no rows yet."

In the title's tile menu, Title on Overlay n (ticked while it shows) also puts the title on its overlay channel or takes it off.

The Title Designer on macOS with the name element selected and keyframe buttons beside its position, size, rotate, opacity and tilt
On macOS.
The Title Designer on macOS with the name and role grouped as Group 1, and keyframe buttons on the Group and Look rows in the Elements panel
On macOS.

Add and delete elements

A title holds Text, Shape and Image elements. Add one with the Text, Shape or Image toolbar button, from the + menu under Layers, or with Cmd+Shift+T (macOS) or Ctrl+Shift+T (Windows) for a text. The Shape button opens a grid of shapes. The Image button lists the images in the Library, and Choose File... picks one from disk. The new element is selected, and each add is one undo step. A title holds a limited number of elements.

Delete the selection with Delete, the Delete Layer button in the foot bar under Layers, or the right click menu. Duplicate (the Duplicate Layer button in the same foot bar) makes a copy of the selection.

The Title Designer on macOS with the add menu open over the Layers list: Text, Shape, Image and QR Code
On macOS.
The Title designer on Windows with the add layer menu open under the layer list: Text, Shape, Image and QR Code
On Windows.

Fonts

Press the family field in the Inspector to open the font picker. It has a search field, then Favourites, Recent and All Fonts, and every row is drawn in its own face. Pick a family to apply it in one undo step. Under the list the faces of the family are listed. The star on a row adds or removes it from Favourites. Import Font... installs a .ttf or .otf file for Studio. A font that is not installed on the computer shows a warning on the family field, and a notice offers Choose Substitute... (pick another font to replace it everywhere in the title, one undo step) or Keep System Font.

FeaturemacOSWindows
PickerA popoverA flyout
Face rowsDrawn in their own weight, width and slantDrawn in their own weight only, not width or slant
The Title Designer on macOS with the font picker open: recent and all fonts with Roobert ticked, its weights listed, and the text settings for case, tracking, alignment and fill
On macOS.
The Title designer on Windows with the font picker open over the inspector, a search field and the installed fonts from Agency FB to Bahnschrift
On Windows.

Shapes, images and arrange

  • Shape (a shape selected): the Kind, Sides for a polygon and a Star switch, Corner radius, a Fill (Solid, Linear or Radial with stops and an angle) and an Outline switch with Colour and Width. A shape has no shadow.
  • Image (an image selected): Replace... swaps the picture, and Fit Box to Image resizes the box to the picture's shape.
  • Arrange (any selection): Align (left, centre, right, top, middle, bottom), Distribute horizontally or vertically (needs three or more elements), the four stacking commands, Group and Ungroup. A button that does not apply is dimmed. Each is one undo step.

With a whole group selected, the Rotation field turns the group as one piece, on both platforms. The Inspector then shows a Group heading with the group's name and its own key diamonds (see Animation and keys).

The Title Designer on macOS with the bar shape selected, and its position, size, arrange, shape kind, corner radius and fill settings
On macOS.
The Title designer on Windows with the bar shape of a lower third selected: its text, the Arrange tools for align, distribute, order and group, and the Shape section with a rectangle of corner radius 28
On Windows.

Templates and text styles

The Templates button in the Designer, and Browse Templates... in Add Title, open the gallery of Title Templates. It has House (the templates Studio ships with) and My Templates, a Search Templates field, and a thumbnail grid. Double click a template, or select it and press Add Title, to add a new title input from it; its Designer opens. Save as Template in the gallery saves the open title under a name you type. Export... writes a user template to a .cliqertitle file, Import... reads one, and Delete removes a template of yours. A title that uses a font that is not installed shows the missing-font notice after it opens.

Thumbnails are drawn from the title's boxes, fills and own text. They do not show gradients, strokes, shadows, glow or images.

Text Styles in the Inspector keeps the look of a text. Save stores the selected text's look under a Style name, Apply puts a saved look on the selected texts in one undo step, and Delete removes it.

FeaturemacOSWindows
GalleryA sheet on the Studio windowIts own window, closed with the Cancel button (no Esc key)
Double clickA normal double clickTwo presses within half a second
ThumbnailsShow rotationDo not show rotation
Failed export or importA message in StudioA line of text in the gallery
The Title Templates gallery on macOS over the Title Designer: house lower thirds such as Classic, Brand, Minimal, Glass, Accent and Clean Bar, with buttons to import, import a vMix title or save a template
On macOS.
The Title Templates gallery on Windows with the Lower Third, Classic and Lower Third, Brand house templates, Import, Import vMix GT title and Save as Template
On Windows.

Animation and keys

The strip under the canvas shows the title in time as three regions, Intro, Hold and Outro, at a fixed scale of up to 5 seconds each side, so a drag never rescales it. Drag the two inner edges to change the intro and outro lengths (one undo step per drag). The Intro, Loop and Outro fields take milliseconds, and Shift steps ten times as far. A looping title says "Hold, loops N ms".

Build In (a text element selected) reveals the text piece by piece. Turn it on, then set the Preset, the Unit (what a piece is), the Order, Stagger, Unit length and the Outro, which can be Intro backward. With a random Order, the Seed and Shuffle give a new random order.

Scroll (a text element selected) moves the text: Off, Crawl or Roll, with Speed, Direction, Gap and Loop. Separator shows when the text is bound to a data file. Switching between kinds keeps the speed and the gap.

The Title designer on Windows with the name layer of a lower third selected, showing the Text Box, Build In and Scroll sections in the inspector
On Windows.

Key diamonds sit beside Position, Size, Rotate, Opacity and Tilt in the Inspector, each with a previous and a next arrow:

  • Press a diamond to add a key at the playhead, or to remove the one there. A key holds the whole pose, so all five diamonds fill together. A diamond is filled when a key lies within one frame of the playhead. One undo step each.
  • The arrows jump the playhead to the neighbouring key.
  • A Look diamond heads the text look sections. It keys the look of the selected texts at the playhead, with its own arrows. At a look key, an edit of the look goes into that key.
  • With a whole group selected, the Inspector adds a Group heading with two diamond rows: Position, size, rotate (one pose key for the group) and Look.
  • With the playhead on a key, an Inspector edit goes into that key and the element's own pose stays as it was. Away from a key, an edit changes the element's own pose.
  • The playhead is a line in the strip. Drag in the strip, or type in the Playhead field, and the canvas shows the title at that time. The keys of the selected element show as small diamonds in the strip.
  • Press Play to run the title from the playhead (from the start if it is at the end). The button turns to Pause. The run stops at the end of the title, and closing the Designer stops it.

Keys cannot be set on a single property by itself, and key easing is not in the Designer yet.

The Title designer on Windows with the bar shape selected and a keyframe set on each of its position, size, rotation, opacity and tilt values
On Windows.

Shortcuts in the Designer

ActionmacOSWindows
Add a textCmd+Shift+TCtrl+Shift+T
Delete the selectionDeleteDelete
DuplicateLayer, Duplicate or right clickCtrl+D or right click
NudgeArrow keys, Shift furtherArrow keys, Shift further
Resize keeping proportionsShiftShift
Resize from the centreOptionCtrl
BothShift+OptionShift+Ctrl
Play and pauseSpaceSpace
Stop and restEscapeEscape

These keys act on the canvas. They do nothing while you type in a text field, and on Windows Space presses the button that has the focus.

Timer titles

A Timer title is a title whose text shows a countdown. Add one with Timer in Add Input, or choose the Timer kind in Add Title. A new one is one big text that fills the frame (size 1200, Fit set to Shrink, with a small margin at each side), and it opens the Title Designer at once.

  • Its own clock. A new Timer input runs its own countdown from 5:00. It is not running until it goes on air. It does not follow the Timer window of the room (the app timer).
  • It starts when it goes on air. A Timer title whose clock is stopped above 0:00 starts the moment it goes on air: on a Program (the main one or a screen's), on an overlay, or inside a scene or Mix that is on air. A cut, a fade or the end of the T-bar start it. Preview does not start it, a running clock is left alone, a clock at 0:00 stays, and leaving Program does not stop it. Start, Pause, Reset and Set time still work by hand, and they go straight to air.
  • Source. In the Title Designer Inspector, the timer text has a source: App timer (follows the room's timer) or Own clock (macOS: Source in the Timer section; Windows: Clock). A title that was saved with the app timer keeps it. The Format is M:SS or H:MM:SS. The source and the format are look edits: on air they wait for the next Take, like any title edit with Edit Live off.
  • Own clock controls. With Own clock chosen, the Inspector shows the time, Start or Pause, Reset and Set time (macOS) or Set (m:ss) (Windows). Reset goes back to the set time.
  • Count down. With Own clock chosen, Count down is Duration (a time you type) or To time (a time of day: hours and minutes). To time counts to the next time the local clock reaches it, today or tomorrow. Start and going on air aim at that next time, and Reset shows the full time left, stopped. These controls are in the Title Designer Inspector and in the Studio Inspector of a Timer input, on both systems.

macOS and Windows differences

FeaturemacOSWindows
Menu barInsert, Edit and Layer menusNone. Use the toolbar, the + menu and the right click menu
SnapSnap toggle; Control off for a dragSnap toggle; Space off for a drag
Safe areasShow Safe Areas toggleShow Safe Areas toggle
RulersRulers toggleNot on Windows yet
Rotate on the canvasA round handleNo handle; use Rotation
Rotate a group
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Captions inputs

A captions input draws the live caption lines (the ones Live captions makes, see Captions) into a transparent frame of its own. It is an input like any other: put it in a scene to place and size it, or on an overlay. Program stays clean until you put it there. The lines are live and are never saved with the show. The look is saved with the show.

Add one with Captions in Add Input. It is named "Captions 1", then "Captions 2", and so on, and it counts against the rack like any input. It needs the live captions feature of your plan: without it the add is refused with the standard plan message. See Plans and limits.

On macOS the Captions section of the input inspector opens on the new input. On Windows a Captions card opens when you add it, and the input's menu has Captions... to open it again. Both have the same rows:

SettingWhat it does
ThemeWhite on Black, Yellow on Black or No Background. It reads Custom when you changed colours so that none of the three matches
Font, WeightThe font family and its weight
SizeThe text size, 24 to 120 px, measured on a 1080 high picture
Text colour, Background colourThe colour of the text and of the pill behind each row
Background opacity0 to 100 %. At 0 there is no pill, and the rows are tighter
Rows1 or 2 rows on screen, the newest at the bottom
PositionBottom Centre, Top Left or Bottom Left
AlignmentAuto, Left, Centre or Right. Auto follows the position: centred at Bottom Centre, left at the two left positions

Every finished edit is one undo step (a slider counts when you let go, a colour when its picker closes). With Edit Live off, an edit to a captions input that is on air waits for the next Take, like a title. Duplicate and Remove input are the ordinary input commands.

Timeline

A Timeline input is a short programme laid out in time: clips on tracks that play back in step with Program. It is on the Mac and on Windows, and it needs the Studio 4K, Studio 8K or Enterprise plan (the free trial has it too).

  • Tracks. Clips sit on tracks named V1, V2 and so on. The bottom track is V1, and a clip on a higher track draws over the ones below. A track holds one clip at a time, so clips on one track never overlap.
  • Overlap goes up. When a clip lands where its own track is already busy, it moves to the first track above that has room. If none has, Cliqer adds a new track on top.
  • Fades. A clip can fade in and fade out. A fade eases in and out by default. Where a clip is shorter than both fades together, each fade is cut to half the clip.
  • Plays with Program, like media. The timeline starts when it goes to Program, pauses when it leaves Program, and starts again from the beginning the next time it goes to Program. A timeline can also loop at its end.

Each timeline tile has a transport row:

ControlWhat it does
Play, PauseStart or pause the timeline (tooltips Play and Pause)
StopPause and go back to the start
Position barShows each track's clips as thin lanes, the played part, and the time as m:ss.t / m:ss.t (position and length). Click or drag to seek

If a clip should be playing but has no picture, because too many clips play at once or its file did not open, the bar marks it and Studio shows the warning Timeline Clip Late: "A clip in had no picture when it should play: too many clips play at once, or its file did not open."

Build the programme in the Timeline editor: double-click the tile to open it, then drag inputs onto tracks (on Windows, select an input and press Shift+Ctrl+Enter, or use Add Media…). A new timeline is empty until you add clips.

Under External Control, the timeline actions play, pause, stop, seek and shuttle control the transport.

Categories are six colours you assign to inputs to group them. Pick a colour chip above the grid to show only that category.

  • All shows everything. The six dots filter by category (tooltip "Category n: drop an input here to file it").
  • The magnifier (Command+F) opens Search inputs, which filters by name.
  • A count reads "n inputs", or the selected category.
  • Tile size menu: Small, Medium, Large, Extra Large.
  • In Basic mode the chips and search are hidden and the filter is ignored.
  • Empty results say No Inputs in This Category or No Matches, with Show All Inputs.

The GO key and Quick Play

Every tile has a GO key. It runs one action for that input without touching Preview. The default is Quick Play: Preview to Program with the Quick Play transition. You can change it per input to Cut, a numbered Transition, or an Overlay channel. This lets you build a row of buttons that each do the right thing for their source. See Transitions for the takes themselves.

Lock switching

A lock freezes the controls that change what is on air, so a stray click cannot cut away.

Lock icon in the bottom bar (Overlays and Tools), or Studio > Lock Switching (Shift+Command+K). Frozen: Preview, Program, Cut, Quick Play, transitions, the T-bar, FTB, GO, stingers, overlay keys, Loop, Live pause and Pause Inputs. A blocked action shows the note "Locked".

Pause Inputs

Pause Inputs (toolbar on macOS, top bar on Windows) pauses every playing media input at once.

Remove an input

Use the X on the tile, Close (macOS) or Remove input (Windows) in the menu, or Remove Input in the macOS inspector. There is no confirmation.

An input that is on air leaves like any on-air input: it goes out with the transition it came in with, and only then are its tile and mixer strip removed. During that fade the input keeps its fader, mute and sound processing, so its sound falls with its picture. With Edit Live off, a setup input (a camera, a media file, a scene) that you delete on air leaves Preview at once and Program keeps it until the next Program change takes it off. A video call input does not wait for a take, see Video calls.

What is remembered after a restart

When Studio starts it restores your inputs (scenes included) with their settings, and your transition slots and other settings. It does not put anything on air: Program, Preview, overlays, Fade to Black, fullscreen outputs, Live pause, and the sends to the room and NDI all start off, and Edit Live starts off. Cameras and media reopen in the background.

Save a show to keep a particular setup as a file (.cliqer), and use the show menu to open it again. Double-click a .cliqer file to open it in Cliqer.

The Show menu in the toolbar: New Show, Open Show..., Save Show, Save Show As..., then Open Last Show. Save Show writes to the show's own file, and asks where to save when the show has none yet. The same commands are in the File menu. The show name appears in the status line.

A show keeps one library entry per media file, so a file that two inputs, clips or titles share is one file in the show, and a file you move keeps working. Deleting a file that is still used by an input, clip, title element, LUT or list is refused with a notice that says how many places use it.

Plan limits

How many inputs you can have, and which kinds, depends on your plan. Web page and title inputs, network streams, Syphon and Spout senders, Blackmagic cards, effects and PTZ each need a plan that includes them. When an add is refused Studio shows the plan message described in Studio. Numbers per plan are on Plans and limits.